Current events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current events - Essay Example This can lead to abuse, making the boot camp experience ineffective and potentially deadly for the juveniles involved. Officials in Pasadena are investigating just such an incident. Video taken in 2009 was recently released that showed instructors forcing a juvenile to run with a car tire over his head. Each time he fell, he was ridiculed and abused. The juvenile was crying throughout the video. In another clip, juvenile camp members were forced to drink water until they vomited. These sorts of practices serve no real purpose in developing the character of juvenile offenders. Other directors of boot camps acknowledge that extreme physical training is sometimes a part of their programs, but humiliation, intimidation and abuse serve no purpose. They point out that these activities actually are counterproductive to developing responsibility and focus in the juveniles in their camp. The Pasadena prosecutor’s office is determining which charges to bring against the director of the camp. The article notes that juvenile boot camps in general are under scrutiny because there is, as yet, no good proce ss for checking the qualifications of instructors or for reporting abuses. State legislation is hoping to remedy this lack of oversight. Another article that points to the lack of effectiveness of juvenile boot camps can be found in the Texas Observer. In this article, the entire idea of a military style boot camp being a deterrent to future criminal activity is brought into question. The author Emily Deprang cites recent studies that suggest a high recidivism rate among juvenile offenders that are sent to boot camps. She cites the case of the T.L. Roach boot camp in north Texas. It is the last state run boot camp. The facility has about 400 beds but only 30 of them are occupied. She says that juveniles are sent to this facility for 180 days and then released. Most of them go on to commit future crimes as adults. She

Far from the madding crowd Essay Example for Free

Far from the madding crowd Essay 1. Chronicle the relationship between Bathsheba Everdene and one of the three men (Oak, Boldwood or Troy) in her life. Who was the most to blame for the difficulties encountered in the course of their relationship? (One or both? ) I will begin by giving an account on the relationship between Bathsheba Everdene and Gabriel Oak. After completing this I will come to a conclusion on who was most to blame for the difficulties encountered in the course of their relationship. When Farmer Oak and Bathsheba first encounter in the book, Oak sees a carriage with Bathsheba sitting on top, the carriage is full with furniture. This lady interests Oak and as the carriage is about to leave he followed the vehicle to the turnpike gate some way beyond the bottom of the hill, where the object of his contemplation now halted for the payment of the toll. It is noticeable that Oak is interested in this woman but the scene unfolds as Bathsheba refuses to pay the turnpike keeper the two pence he would like. Let the young woman pass, is what Gabriel said as he draws near and hands the keeper the money. This meeting introduces the two characters to the reader for the first time, but they do not know that they will both play an important part in each others lives. Not long after the meeting, Gabriel sees Bathsheba from a birds eye view, this is when he realises that he feels something towards Bathsheba. Having for some time known the want of a satisfactory form to fill an increasing void within him, his position moreover affording the widest scope for his fancy, he painted her a beauty. This is the moment when Oak sees Bathsheba riding a horse on her back in a way she would not have if she knew she were being watched. Bathsheba does not know that Oak is watching. This is when Oak knows that he is in love with her. As she rides back he approaches her and brings up the fact he saw her earlier, this makes her blush as she apprehended that he had seen her. Oak has became so in love with her that he would wait for her to come past the hedge every day, he had reached a peak of existence he never could have anticipated a short time before. Oak chooses to marry Bathsheba but he is mislead by Bathshebas aunt told him that she has many sweethearts already. Bathsheba finds him to tell him that the statement was not true. This leads him to think that she wants to marry him and tells her that his is doing well in life and that Bathsheba may have her own piano. Would hate to be thought mens property in that way, is Bathshebas reply, meaning she likes the idea of marriage but does not like the outcome of all the responsibility afterwards. Also Bathsheba is not totally stunned by Gabriels property and is not impressed by the idea of having a little piano. Later on in the book, after Oak hears that Boldwood has proposed to Bathsheba she asks Oak to deny all rumours about her getting married but Oak refuses. He goes on to say he will give her his point of view about her actions. Oak re-approaches her and she decides to take serious measures. I cannot allow any man to to criticize my private conduct! Nor will I for a minute. So youll please leave the farm at the end of the week! As soon as Bathsheba dismisses Oak she once again needs him as the sheep are in trouble and will die unless Oak can help them. Bathsheba knows the sheep are at stake so even though she was reluctant to call back Oak at first she does so. At first he does not want to come back as Bathsheba was impolite in the way she asked for him to stay, but in the end he does. Gabriel then realises that Bathsheba may need him more than he thought, as she does not no how to run a farm properly, this gives Gabriel the thought that he may be able to have a relationship with her. Gabriels chances of a relationship with Bathsheba are ruined when Troy arrives in the book. Oak warns Bathsheba that she should not get involved with him, but she is already in love and does not take any concern to what is being said. Bathsheba later goes off to Bath with Troy where Oak believes she is going to turn down Troy but instead they come back as a married couple. Oak still loves Bathsheba though and shows her his devotion to her one night when a storm is brewing; he helps save the hayricks while Troy and the rest of the village are drunk. After accounting the relationship between Bathsheba and Oak, I will now who was the most to blame for the difficulties encountered in the course of the relationship. I cannot see how Gabriel Oak was the most to blame for the difficulties encountered in the course of all the mens relationships with Bathsheba. I believe that it is a combination of both Boldwoods and Troys. This is because if Boldwood was not so desperate for love he would have realised that the valentines card Bathsheba sent him was simply as a prank, What fun it would be to send it to that silly old Boldwood. Instead Boldwood takes this seriously as he searches for love, he continuously approaches Bathsheba saying that he is in love with her, and that they should get married, My life does not belong to me any more, Miss Everdene, but to you. Ive come to propose marriage to you. I believe that if Boldwood had accepted the fact that the card was actually only sent as a prank, then he would never have asked Bathsheba to marry him. Therefore some of the difficulties encountered would never have happened. I also believe Troy has a part to blame in the difficulties encountered, as his flirtatious ways and seduction techniques begins to make Bathsheba fall in love with him. Troy only likes Bathsheba as she happens to be a very pretty lady, he would never have treated a women he did not find attractive in this manner. This is shown in the way he speaks to her upon their first encounter Thank you for letting me see such a beautiful face! Before Bathsheba and Troy get married he tells Bathsheba how he has seen a women far more beautiful than her, this is only an attempt to make sure he marries her. Again if Troys trickery and flirtatious ways were not to have happened some of the difficulties would never have happened. I cannot see how Gabriel was to blame for any of the difficulties, as when Bathsheba was with either Boldwood or Troy he simple let whatever to carry on, he did not get in the way. This is because he thought that aslong as Bathsheba was happy with the man she was with, then that would make him happy, even though he would not be able to be with her. So to conclude I believe that both Troy and Boldwood are to blame for the difficulties encountered in the course of Bathshebas relationship with all three of the men.

Viruses :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of us swap disks with friends and browse the Net looking for downloads. Rarely do we ever consider that we are also exchanging files with anyone and everyone who has ever handled them in the past. If that sounds like a warning about social diseases, its right along the same lines. Computer viruses are every bit as harmful and destructive, and come in a vast variety of types and strains. Computer viruses, can tear up your hard drive and bring down your system. However, unlike social diseases, computer viruses are almost always curable, and the cures for new strains are usually a matter of days away, rather than months or years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A computer virus is a program designed to replicate and spread, generally with the victim being oblivious to its existence. Computer viruses spread by attaching themselves to other programs such as word processors or spreadsheets, or to the boot sector of the disk. When an infected file is activated, or when the computer is started from an infected disk, the virus itself is also activated. Many times a virus will lurk in a computers memory, waiting to infect the next program or disk that is activated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What makes viruses so dangerous is their ability to perform an event. While some events are harmless like displaying a message on a certain date, and others annoying, like slowing performance or altering the screen display, some viruses can be disastrous by damaging files, and destroying data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most viruses are created out of curiosity. There are those out there who create them out of malice, but far more of the creators are just meeting a challenge, to see if they can do it or not. A common type of virus would be a Trojan Horse, a destructive program disguised as a game, a utility, or an application. When run a Trojan Horse does something harmful to the computer system, while appearing to do something useful. A worm is also a popular type of virus. A worm is a program that spreads itself across computers, usually by spawning copies of itself in each computer’s memory. A worm might duplicate itself in one computers memory so often that it causes the computer to crash. A worm is introduced secretly into a host system either for fun, or with the intent to damage or destroy information. Now I will explain some of the more major viruses, and how they function.

Aztec Culture

Research Paper: Aztec Culture The Aztec culture dates all the way back to the 13th century. Some say that a few Aztec people still survive, although they are not exactly â€Å"pure. † Their culture was derived from South America. In this research paper the plan is to inform and explain to the teacher that the Aztec were an impressive group of people for their time period because they were so advanced in science, agriculture and were far more civilized than people from other regions had assumed during that time period. What caused the collapse of such a refined empire?Moving on to government and political systems, the Aztec people’s started off with what is called the Calpulli – the basic unit of government. Each group is made up of multiple families and these families own land together. Whoever is made the leader of the Calpulli group is in charge and responsible for all the needs of everyone in the group. They set up what is called telpochalli – school fo r the common citizens. Leaders of these groups collect taxes as well. Although in cities the Calpulli leader is less family based and more about the region and surroundings (Cotrill).The next section of their government goes on to the nobility and councils. People in the nobility and council held a lot of power in society but they were not automatically put in government positions. Every city had a Calpulli and each Calpulli has a leader. All of the leaders from each group made up a council, these held a lot of the power in their government system. In the early to middle 1400s there were 3 main city-states that held the most power. The 3 city-states together were called the â€Å"Triple Alliance,† which was located in Mexico Valley. Each of these had a name; there was, Tenochtitlan, Texaco, and Tlacopan.Tenochtitlan came to dominate the whole empire itself. For each council an executive council is formed within it. Four members are chosen to lead; one of these chosen members is the tlatcani – leader of the city. Finally we come to the Huey Tlatcani which means â€Å"great speaker. † This person led the city, and was worshipped as a god and also considered the emperor (Cotrill). The emperor was supported by judges, governors, hosts of other officials, and priests. Even though the emperor was given â€Å"absolute power† in some sort of form, sometimes people also had a say. Emperors were chosen in a partially democratic system, meaning they ould be removed from power at any time. Archaeologists and historians are unsure of how any certain Aztec person was chosen to get the position of Huey Tlatcani. It was not hereditary but it did have something to do with family lines. The control of the Aztec empire did not go everywhere in Mexico. Lands that the Aztec people conquered and claimed as their own did have to pay a price of tribute to them, but still had a certain amount of freedom. The gain of land was accomplished by warriors making attacks on surrounding areas, where they also took sacrificial prisoners.Most of the time, when villages, towns or cities were captured by the Aztec, it was an incentive bringing more trade and better goods to be traded along with infrastructure. So where in history did the Aztec contribute to us? Well to start, they didn’t have twenty different ones, they had about 5. The first one of these is onions and horses and this is not technically an invention or contribution but it was introduced to them by the Spaniards. Education was not seen as a â€Å"must† or a â€Å"need† by most countries during their time, yet the Aztec people made it mandatory.Unlike in countries today there are rules and regulations to education. In some countries you can’t go to school if you are a girl, yet in others it doesn’t matter what sex you are. Black, white, poor, rich, middle class, low class, it didn’t matter to the Aztec. School was for everyone (Cotrill). An other thing introduced was popcorn, yes, popcorn. It was first used by the Aztec people for head dresses and for honoring the God of Maize and Fertility; this god is also named Tlaloc. This item was not eaten until years later and was mainly popular for Aztec use only.Foods are important in understanding cultures a second from the Aztec was chocolate. Where would you be today without it? This item was exceedingly valued by them and was used as a currency. They also demanded cacao beans which played a part in the tributes they made to their gods. A drink was made from the chocolate that the Aztec called â€Å"xocoatl† – meaning bitter water, this word was actually invented by the Aztec people themselves (Cotrill). The Aztec culture brought about chewing gum and instead of calling it gum or something of the sort they called it â€Å"chicle† which is what some Mexican vendors still all it today. Although, when the Spaniards showed up they destroyed their trading ro utes and the gum or â€Å"chicle† disappeared with it. The item didn’t show back up for another 350 years. Aztec people were actually good with medicine and knew some things about it. For the time period they were living in they were considered to be advanced. One of the main things they had used for medicine was called â€Å"antispasmodic medicine† this helped to prevent muscle spasms. It could be useful during surgeries and was made from what is still growing today and that is a passion flower.The passion flower is still used as an herbal remedy which is believed to help insomnia, high blood pressure, and epilepsy. The Aztec culture was not a poor one. The Aztec were simple in clothing, but not in economy. They were very rich as a country and would have been considered a first world country. Though their culture seemed simple since they wore little and lived simple lives they were very smart, Aztec people knew of value, and of money. Cocoa beans were the main form of money, which was used the most. A single rabbit would cost 30 cocoa beans.Something common in their trading system was to trade a child, most likely a daughter, for 600 cocoa beans. This should not come as a surprise since they also made human sacrifices to honor their gods. There was another type of money used, though not as often. It was treasured by the Aztec people and was highly valued. This form of money was called â€Å"quachtli†. Quachtli is a type of cloth used to make clothes. Legends say that during the time of the Aztec 10 pieces of this cloth was enough to support an Aztec for 6 months in the big city of Tenochtitlan (Cotrill).Trade was a major source of the Aztec’s income. The biggest trading market was located in Tlatelco. The Tlatelco had a large variety of goods which made it the most accommodating for people, over 60,000 came per day to visit. Whatever you wanted or needed was found here, cloth, corn, seeds, spices, pottery, etc. Not all villa gers grew crops which led to other Aztec people being able to specialize in other trades. Some of the trades included were feather workers, stone workers, lapidary, and metallurgy workers. The economy of this culture came to a slow halt as soon as the Spaniards arrived.They destroyed trading routes, cities, took control, and made rules. Fighting with the Spaniards caused the Aztec people no time to grow crops and this was the start of the downturn for their economy. A somewhat discussed subject that we’re moving forward on is the social system of the Aztec people. They did not have very complex social system, just two main groups. The first group is the higher ranked of the two. Nobles, which were called pipiltin and pilli for singular usage made up the higher status people of the Aztec culture.The people in this group received a more extent education than other people in the culture. Also, these people were allowed to decorate their houses to their choosing and wear superior clothes compared to that of the average people of the town, village, or community they were living in. Nobles mostly held places in the office of government, but not all, some were craftsmen of different sorts, and a few were even the palace servants. Even if they were given a lower ranked area of work it was possible to move up to a new or more suited position just by doing a good job at what was presently assigned.Second to the Nobles were the Commoners or what were called by the Aztec; macehualli, which these were the people who worked the land of the area. Not all people worked the land, albeit some were stuck working land forever you could also move up a bit in this class with some hard work. The poor of this class could sell themselves and become a slave, eventually working off their debt. Slaves were not treated badly at all, they even had laws that firmly protected them. Commoners also included craftsmen and merchants.The merchants were given more opportunity and could trav el, sell, trade, and were given more respect than most in this class. Soldiers can be included in both classes because even if they started out at a low rank they could work their way up to being a noble, and become a pilli. The classification of the Aztec culture is fairly simple. They were rich. Aztec people possessed many, many, manyimportant goods that you could not easily get around the world. Being a first world country was not exactly and easy task.Unbeknownst to them though, was that they had predators lurking in the shadows (Spaniards) that wanted their gold, cocoa beans, and much more. Their society and area was highly valued. Plus, the land they lived on was not known by many people and had not been explored. Aztec people were civilized, eminent, smart, cunning, and ethical, but their empire did fall. Not all things last forever as history shows us. Spaniards eventually came in search of new land and treasures such as gold, upon which they found the Aztec people. Invaded on November of 1519 the Aztec people welcomed the Spaniards.Cortes was a Spanish conquistador looking to conquer them. At first, the outcome looked to be in the favor of the Aztec people, but because their religion called for sacrificing hundreds to thousands of people they lost many of their own that could have been used in battle. The Spaniards brought the smallpox disease with them, which was not purposely but did favor Cortes’ side when the time came for battle. Twenty-five percent of the Aztec people died from smallpox. By 1520 the Aztec people were low on food, and still dying of the smallpox disease, eventually it claimed their emperor’s life.In 1521 Cortes finally conquered them and they surrendered. In conclusion, even though the pure Aztec race was ruined by a change in their culture from the Spaniards’ invasion there are descendants left, but with little Aztec blood in them. The legends told, pottery, huts, temples, and much more still remain in Mexic o. Life in their society was very well planned and put together, yet when the Spaniards arrived that all changed. Disease, death, famine, and much more caused them to lose hold of their culture. They went from being the richest in their country to being slaves and commoners to the Spaniard conquistadores.A lot of their culture was destroyed with the invasion so most researchers have little to go on. The possibilities of how different their society would have been if the Spaniards were defeated, or had never come into contact with the Aztec people are infinite. References â€Å"Aztec Economy. † edublogs. edublog, 9 Mar. 2011. google. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. . (Aztec Economy edublog) â€Å"Aztec: Economic and Trade System. † PLU. Pacific Lutheran University, n. d. google. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. . (Pacific Lutheran University) Baquedano, Elizabeth. Aztec, Inca, and Maya. : Eyewitness Books, 1993. Baquedano) Cottrill, Jaime. Aztec-History. Ed. Jaime Cottrill. , 2006. Google. Web. 1 0 Oct. 2011. . (Cotrill) Outline I. Intro a. Aztec Culture b. In this research paper the plan is to inform and explain to the teacher that the Aztec were an impressive group of people for their time period because they were so advanced in science, agriculture and were far more civilized than people from other regions had assumed during that time period. II. Political System III. Major Contributions to Human History IV. Economy V. Social System VI. Classification VII. Reasons for Success/Destruction VIII. Conclusion

Facebook Manic Essay

Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 4, 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Andrew McCollum, (graphic artist), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), and Chris Hughes. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to â€Å"Hot or Not† and used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the ‘hotter’ person. The website’s membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices. Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It can also unite people with common interests and/or beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Facebook has turned into a national obsession in the United States, resulting in vast amounts of time lost and encouraging narcissism. Facebook being one of the most famous social networking site comes with it’s own pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of using facebook. Many people believe that  facebook has a lot of advantages and is convenient to use. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is bad and the statement is true for facebook.

Successes and Failure of Carters Presidency essays

Successes and Failure of Carters Presidency essays The first year tenure of Carter's presidency bought some changes in the political arena with revision in the Administration of the Social Security system that in turned increased both the wage base and rate of taxation, in order to produce the revenue required to continue the program. On the contrary, he also sent a complete energy program to Congress, to get a prompt approval, which unfortunately became the subject of an ongoing congressional argument. However, before his second year was completed his important successes include a bill to deregulate natural gas. This was a part of his original energy package and to evaluate and facilitate him to There was not much success on the economy side, even though the economy of United States continued to get better, but the growth rate seemed to be caught at around five percent of GNP, and unemployment on the other hand continued to afflict. While Inflation, worsened during his tenure. At the same time in his foreign policy Carter announced that relations of the United States with other countries would be based on a point for the rights of humans -the Carter "human rights" policy. The outcome of this doctrine brought few governments of other nations accusation of interference in internal affairs, while majority of the world A new era in Chinese-American relations was made on 1st January 1979. This was the initial steps towards normalization which began with Richard Nixon's trip to Beijing in 1972 that concluded in full diplomatic relations between the United States and China. He also made efforts to get permanent peace in the Middle East, resulting in the signing of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel on March 26, 1979. This is considered to be Carter's most ambitious foreign policy achievement. The foreign policy faced acute hindrances during the last year of ...

Mental Health in Youths Essays

Mental Health in Youths Essays Mental Health in Youths Paper Mental Health in Youths Paper Mental health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent in society, especially in youths. One of the main mental health issues faced by today’s youth is depression. There are many psychological, cultural and social factors that contribute to a serious mental condition, such as depression. The main five Primary Health Care principles are appropriate technology, health promotion, community participation, accessibility and inter-sectoral collaboration. These Primary Health Care principles work hand in hand in approaching and tackling the issue of mental health in youths. A greater focus must be awarded to not only depression and other forms of mental health but special attention needs to be paid to our youth. Today’s youth, however, must also be informed of the various programs and assistance that is available to them. Addressing the issue of mental health requires extensive ongoing contact with the person suffering. In today’s technologically advanced society, the Internet is more accessible then it has ever been before. This has resulted in the majority of our youth’s communication taking place online through various social networking sites. Thus, in order to effectively contact the younger generations, it must be done so through the Internet. Health professionals on a global scale have exploited this avenue of communication and, as outline by Frank Quinlan, it’s working. â€Å"Online services do seem to also be making mental health services accessible to people who may not otherwise seek treatment,† (Molloy 2013). As there are many advantages of this service including the 24/7 around the clock help they can receive. Younger people are generally more reluctant to walk into a clinic than adults. They feel at such a young age they shouldn’t be feeling depressed, that something is wrong with them and talking to someone about such an issue is the last thing they want to do. Online services remove all the embarrassment companied with face-to-face communication and is a preferred form of help amongst youth today as they can speak to someone anonymously from the comfort of their own home. Although, online services has many benefits, face-to-face communication should not be cancelled out as there is a variety of face-to-face services available and some mental illnesses can’t be treated without contact face-to-face. Educating young teens about mental health is the key to preventing it, understanding what can trigger it and how they can control it. â€Å"Around 75 per cent of all severe mental illness starts before the age of 24† (Government of Western Australia 2010). Hard-hitting facts such as these must be communicated to today’s youth to highlight the importance of good mental health. Targeting younger generations through education in schools will immensely reduce the number of mental illnesses since a large majority of cases develop during school years. â€Å"The promotion of mental health equals the reduction of numbers of people with mental illness in a community† (Sartorius 2008). By targeting the social and economical factors of mental health, this will strengthen the understanding in ways to support and achieve good mental health. â€Å"Mental health can be directly or indirectly supported through a range of activity in other domains, such as improving health literacy, reducing alcohol misuse, improving educational outcomes or preventing violence† (Department of Health 2011) In order for the problem of mental health in youth to receive more national attention, funding, health services and education, awareness must be raised about the issue. People must be made aware of the seriousness of the problem and the effects it has on our youth. Once people become aware of the issues, they will in turn allocate it more funding and increase community participation. The government will recognize the people’s interest in the topic and will also, in turn, take steps forward to reducing mental health in youth. Youths, particularly in schools, are apart of a vulnerable group to mental health, as they face challenges such as peer pressure and need support from the community. By strengthening the relationships that are already present in an individual’s life enhances their sense of care, support and belongingness. Even with the â€Å"prevention is a better approach that a cure† (Janusic 2012) mentality it is still important that treatments and other help are always available to youths in society. Everyone needs support to develop their identity and independence and the need to belong and connect with social groups. It is evident that people at this age are experiencing a lot of pressure and support is critical in their lives. â€Å"The focus on youth help seeking is in response to the low rate of professional service use evident at this stage of life – a clear mismatch with the high level of need† (Rickwood, Raphael and Pilgrim 2011) Youths can be given professional help from groups such as Headspace who offer anonymous help and are a foundation for mental health. They understand youths are reluctant to seeking help on their own. They offer support for mental health and counseling, their â€Å"primary focus is the mental health and wellbeing of all Australians† (Headspace 2013). Another program is the intensive mobile youth outreach support that manages mental health in adolescents. Through anonymous programs, kids are more likely to seek help. There are a variety of cultural, psychological and social pressures that are stimulants for poor mental health. It is, therefore, no surprise that younger people are constantly being diagnosed more frequently with mental disorders. Dual diagnosis is an area which is associated with significant mental disability related to drug use; it is the idea that â€Å"one condition may cause the other,† (Youth action and policy association 2006). This means that any pre-existing mental condition may lead to other implications such as alcohol abuse, however, those with a pre-existing alcohol problem are more susceptible to incurring a mental disability (Youth action and policy association 2006). The ideas explored by Rickwood, Raphael and Pilgrim (2011) are that mental conditions such as depression and anxiety are becoming the most common mental disability in youths, which are recognized as ‘cognitive distortions’ due to the stage in which youths are becoming more prevalent which is called a ‘negative problem orientation’. This shows that a variety of pressures are placed on today’s youth that impacts their mental health negatively. Without sufficient support, it is possible that these issues may become worse or permanent. It is, therefore, important that young people experiencing these mental problems receive support and care before their problem progresses. The main principles of primary health care give assistance to various areas of mental health through not only increasing awareness, but also, by increasing the facilities that are available. With constantly increasing societal pressures, the chance of today’s youths developing a mental condition of some kind is much greater than ever before.

Morgans Raid in the Civil War

Morgans Raid in the Civil War Morgans Raid - Conflict Dates: Morgans Raid was conducted from June 11 to July 26, 1863 during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Ambrose Burnsideapprox. 40,000 men Confederates Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan2,462 men Morgans Raid - Background: In late spring 1863, with Union troops conducting the Siege of Vicksburg and General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia embarking on the Gettysburg Campaign, General Braxton Bragg sought to distract enemy forces in Tennessee and Kentucky. To accomplish this, he turned to Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan. A veteran of the Mexican-American War, Morgan had proven himself a capable cavalry leader during the early part of the war and had led several effective raids into the Union rear. Assembling a select force of 2,462 men and a battery of light artillery, Morgan received orders from Bragg directing him to attack through Tennessee and Kentucky. Morgans Raid - Tennessee: Though he happily accepted these orders, Morgan harbored a desire to carry the war into the North by invading Indiana and Ohio. Aware of his subordinates aggressive nature, Bragg strictly forbade him to cross the Ohio River as he did not wish Morgans command to be lost. Assembling his men at Sparta, TN, Morgan rode out on June 11, 1863. Operating in Tennessee, his forces began moving towards Kentucky late in the month after Major General William Rosecrans Army of the Cumberland began its Tullahoma Campaign. Seeking to aid Bragg by disrupting Rosecrans supply lines, Morgan crossed the Cumberland River on June 23 and entered Kentucky on July 2. Morgans Raid - Kentucky: After camping between Campbellsville and Columbia on the night of July 3, Morgan planned to push north and cross the Green River at Tebbs Bend the next day. Moving out, he found that the bend was guarded five companies of the 25th Michigan Infantry which had constructed earthworks in the area. Attacking eight times through the day, Morgan was unable to overwhelm the Union defenders. Falling back, he shifted south before crossing the river at Johnson Ford. Riding north, the Confederates attacked and captured Lebanon, KY on July 5. Though Morgan captured around 400 prisoners in the fighting, he was crushed with his younger brother, Lieutenant Thomas Morgan, was killed. Advancing towards Louisville, Morgans raiders fought several skirmishes with Union troops and local militia. Reaching Springfield, Morgan dispatched a small force to the northeast in an attempt to confuse the Union leadership as to his intentions. This detachment was later captured at New Pekin, IN before it could rejoin the main column. With the enemy off balance, Morgan led his main body northwest through Bardstown and Garnettsville before reaching the Ohio River at Brandenburg. Entering the town, the Confederates captured two riverboats, John B. McCombs and Alice Dean. In direct violation of his orders from Bragg, Morgan began moving his command across the river on July 8. Morgans Raid - Indiana: Landing east of Mauckport, the raiders drove off a force of Indiana militia before burning Alice Dean and sending John B. McCombs downstream. As Morgan began moving north into the heart of Indiana, the states governor, Oliver P. Morton, frantically put a call out for volunteers to oppose the invaders. While militia units quickly formed, the commander of the Department of the Ohio, Major General Ambrose Burnside, moved to shift Union forces to cut off Morgans lines of retreat south. Advancing up the Maukport Road, Morgan overwhelmed a force of Indiana militia at the Battle of Corydon on July 9. Entering the town, Morgan paroled the militiamen before seizing supplies. Morgans Raid - Ohio: Turning east, the raiders passed through Vienna and Dupont before arriving at Salem. There they burned the railroad depot, rolling stock, as well as two railroad bridges. Looting the town, Morgans men took cash and supplies before departing. Pressing on, the column entered Ohio at Harrison on July 13. That same day Burnside declared martial in Cincinnati to the south. Despite recent celebrations in response to the Union triumphs at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Morgans raid caused widespread panic and fear across Indiana and Ohio. Passing through Springdale and Glendale, Morgan remained to the north of Cincinnati in an effort to avoid Burnsides men. Continuing east, Morgan dashed across southern Ohio with the goal of reaching West Virginia and turning south into Confederate territory. To accomplish this, he intended to re-cross the Ohio River using the fords at Buffington Island, WV. Assessing the situation, Burnside correctly guessed Morgans intentions and directed Union forces to Buffington Island. As Union gunboats moved into position, columns led by Brigadier Generals Edward Hobson and Henry Judah marched to intercept the raiders. In an effort to block the ford prior to their arrival, Burnside dispatched a local militia regiment to the island. Reaching Buffington Island late on July 18, Morgan elected not to attack this force. Morgans Raid - Defeat Capture: This pause proved disastrous as Union forces arrived during the night. With Lieutenant Commander LeRoy Fitchs gunboats blocking the river, Morgan soon found his command nearly surrounded on a plain near Portland, OH. In the resulting Battle of Buffington Island, Union troops captured around 750 of Morgans men, including his executive officer, Colonel Basil Duke, and inflicted losses of 152 killed and wounded. Morgan was able to escape with around half of his men by slipping through some nearby woods. Fleeing north, he hoped to cross the river at an undefended ford near Belleville, WV. Arriving, around 300 men successfully crossed before Union gunboats arrived on the scene. While Morgan elected to remain in Ohio, Colonel Adam Stovepipe Johnson led the rest to safety. Reduced to around 400 men, Morgan turned inland and sought to escape his pursuers. Resting at Nelsonville, the Confederates burned boats along a local canal before riding northeast. Passing through Zanesville, Morgan still sought to cross into West Virginia. Pressed by Brigadier General James Shackelfords Union cavalry, the raiders were attacked at Salinesville, OH on July 26. Badly routed, Morgan lost 364 of men in the fighting. Escaping with a small party, he was captured later that day by Major George W. Rue of the 9th Kentucky Cavalry. Though many of his enlisted men were taken to Camp Douglas near Chicago, Morgan and his officers were incarcerated at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, OH. Morgans Raid - Aftermath: Though the entirety of his command was lost as a result of the raid, Morgan captured and paroled around 6,000 Union soldiers prior to his capture. In addition, his men disrupted Union rail operations across Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio while also burning 34 bridges. Despite being captured, Morgan and Duke felt the raid was a success as it allowed Bragg to retreat safely while tying down thousands of Union troops which otherwise could have reinforced Rosecrans. On November 27, Morgan and six of his officers successfully escaped from the Ohio Penitentiary and returned south. Though Morgans return was lauded by the Southern press, he was not received with open arms by his superiors. Angry that he had violated his orders to remain south of the Ohio, Bragg never fully trusted him again. Placed in command of Confederate forces in eastern Tennessee and southwest Virginia, Morgan attempted to rebuild the raiding force that he had lost during the 1863 campaign. In the summer of 1864, he was accused of robbing a bank in Mt. Sterling, KY. While some his men were involved, there is no evidence to suggest that Morgan played a role. While working to clear his name, Morgan and his men encamped at Greeneville, TN. On the morning of September 4, Union troops attacked the town. Taken by surprise, Morgan was shot and killed while attempting to escape from the attackers. Selected Sources Ohio History: Morgans RaidMorgans Men Association Connor Prairie: Morgans Raid

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems Research Paper

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Boeing company has grown tremendously and merged with other companies such as McDonnell Douglas among others to become the world’s largest aircraft manufacturer. In the 1950s, Boeing put its first jet aircraft to start exerting its control in the commercial airline market. Boeing is a global example of state of the art technology business dealing with aircraft manufacturing and it is the largest product exporter in U.S. Boeing has produced more than a hundred aircraft model since its inception and has currently launched the most recent model called Boeing 787 Dreamliner. In the midst of the overwhelming competition for efficiency and productivity in the airline industry, Boeing decided to produce one of the most fuel-efficient planes ever made. Whereas this was a courageous move for Boeing, the same has been faced with a myriad of problems in the production process. This is quite understandable considering tha t Boeing opted to use some of the best technologies and expertise in the world. Additionally, Boeing had to take a gamble with technologies that have never been used before, especially with such a large commercial aircraft. The outsourcing strategy and the leading edge technology of the relatively new plastic composite: carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic are the leading causes of high-cost quality and design problems. This was a change from the typical use of steel or aluminum in the manufacture of aircraft. The use of the composite material would guarantee durability, fewer repairs and maintenance cost, and long-distance flights. For a fact, only the manufacture of the tail of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner takes place in the Everest facility that is the home factory. However, it is worth noting that the risk of outsourcing in the production of Boeing 787 Dreamliner hails from the management’s decision to relinquish the design and engineering of the plane, the use of untried sources and stiffness of loyal vendors, and the use of many technological approaches at once. The outsourcing was preferred for various reasons like the commonality in outsourcing in the Boeing Company, the cost savings from the fewer employees’ in-house, lower labor rates in other countries, and the time factor necessary to manufacture the Dreamliners. Additionally, the outsourcing was an opportunity to do business in the different countries, a show of ability to compete with other aircraft manufacturers legally, response to the vulnerability of Boeing engineer strikes, the shrinking employment pool and the increasing demand of engineers at Boeing. Outsourcing is one of the management strategies widely used in the corporate scene However, many problems result from the adoption of the outsourcing strategy leading to the company’s eminent inability to reach its target of producing 10 Boeing 787 Dreamliners every year. While the management thought that the new airframe composit e warranted an all-new production approach, this was a strategic mistake since they should have accommodated the good old aspects hence keep the loyal and most proficient vendors in check.

How can Artificial Intelligence enhance life in the 21st century. Are Essay

How can Artificial Intelligence enhance life in the 21st century. Are there any drawbacks If so, what are they, and how can they be overcome - Essay Example AI can be widely applied at privet homes for personal assistance. The more work is done by machines the less work is required by humans. As the result, the number of injuries and work-related stress are reduced. The debate over the need to apply AI in everyday life will persist for many years; however, the advantages offered by AI exceed all possible drawbacks. Only twenty years ago scientists did not dare to imagine computers understanding the human speech, while today the speech recognition programs are widely used. People are able to work with computers and mobile phones by talking to technology. AI made technology usable by people with disabilities, for example. The vision programs made it possible to develop robots that can see and talk. Such robots are already used for exploration purposes. AT is applied to teaching programs; impersonal software is able to adapt to its users. The capabilities of machines are infinite and the future of it is positive and optimistic. The strongest argument against AI is that machines are dead and, therefore, cannot possess intelligence. However, AI is no longer a myth and humans have already created numerous intelligent machines to help in everyday life. The "honorable" mission of AI is not supported globally. "Within a few decades, computers and robots will be cleverer than us and we won't date to unplug them, while the new biotechnologies could transform our species" (Tudge, 2000, p. 23). Humans will not give up the science because they are in need of high tech for day-to-day survival. Undoubtedly, the human brain differs from computers in complexity and quality. Half a century ago, it did not matter whether computers would be conscious or intelligent. Nevertheless, today computers already have calculating power, endless patience, and bottomless memory. With the added consciousness and emotions, computers might become formidable. The main problem with the Artificial Intelligence is the fear that it may turn against the humans. AI has enormous learning capability and can accomplish many complex tasks that humans cannot. "By 2010, computers are expected to match computational capabilities of the human brain, an estimated 3,200,000 instructions per second" (Molitor, 2003, p. 65). Computers, ranging from massive supercomputers to PCs, offer wide range of services that make human life more interesting: cable TV, teleconferencing, electronic fund transfer systems, shopping without leaving the house, magazines on video, automatic home security services, special services for the people with disabilities, etc. This list has no end. The supercomputer developed by IBM beat the chess-player master Garry Kasparov in 1995 and laid the foundation for concerns on reasoning powers and learning potentials of machines. Problems that required teams of people working many years to solve can be solved by AI in a couple of seconds. Voice recognition, in particular, has achieved a 10,000 word-capacity with 98% accuracy (Molitor, 2003, p

Food industry website reviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food industry website reviews - Essay Example This website mainly deals with providing information regarding various recipes and food items. It has also got search fields for finding recipes directly and also by occasion. The site is attractive and is a good source of information for food lovers.It is quite obvious that the website is an extension of the ads that can be observed. The ad that is displayed on the home page (www.4under400.com) . This site provides information that is quite contextual with the site. It offers information on the item sandwiches having low calorie content which is a part of the recipes that www.oscarmayer.com offers.The site not only offers information on food items but also offers updates, games and contests making it attractive for visitors. There must be more ads for this site. This would assist in promoting the site and also if there is a provision of home delivery of the food items via the site it would be a splendid one. Also there must be a provision for visitors to send their own recipes made by themselves. There must be a mail that would accept visitors recipes and select the best one and if possible reward them suitable. This would make this site excellent. Also games related to recipes must be provided. Also there must be a questionnaire field in which the visitors would ask questions related to recipes and receive suitable answers. The best field that could be included is a chat field that would help people to exchange ideas related to recipes.... There is a customer care option that provides usage and care for the products being offered. It provides warranty information, customer's order status, contact address of the site, return policy and FAQs that would clear any doubts that the customer may have. There is also an e-club option where the customer can be a member and would receive updates via e-mail. There is a Bridal option that would provide dinnerware specially for marriages. The site is well organized and meets all the needs of the customer. This can be observed by the way the banners are arranged and the ads are placed. From the banner it can be observed that there are four options provided. There is a "New Products" option where some new Corelle products and patterns are provided. There is a "Valentine Deal" option where some good deals are provided for the month of February where some rebate would be offered for the goods. There is a "Hot Buys" option which offers some good deals on Corelle products and lastly there is the "Take Our Survey" option in which the customers or visitors can ask for those patterns that were retired or not longer provided. Also there is a search field for searching patterns of the dinner ware that would be very well useful for the customers to search for product having the pattern of their choice. This site is aptly an extension of the ads placed on it. This is because the ad Bridal Registry (www.worldbridekitchen.com) offers registration for some important staples for the kitchen which is a good context for this site. The site of this ad provides kitchen essentials such as CorningWare, Revere, Pyrex, and Chicago Cutlery, and so on. It can be suggested to include other options such as games and

Compare Article 5-109 (a) of the ( Amercian) Uniform Commercial Code Essay

Compare Article 5-109 (a) of the ( Amercian) Uniform Commercial Code with the approach under english, the full question is in - Essay Example The very relevance of a letters of credit is quintessentially based on its autonomy from the transaction that it supports. Any bank that issues a letter of credit simply cannot refuse to honour it and extend the requisite payments, once it is presented with the apt and authentic documents. This also stands to be true in a scenario when the transaction being backed by a letter of credit does not actually take place. On the one side, the letters of credit extend to the sellers the assurance of a guaranteed payment, while on the other side they safeguard the interests of the buyers by necessitating the presentation of the right documents that to a large extent ensure performance. Such documents may be the like of insurance forms, transportation documents and quality related certificates. The Autonomy Principle The underlying dogma supporting the autonomy principles associated with letters of credit is that the transaction backed by a letter of credit stands to be autonomous of the sales deed formalized by the buyer and the beneficiary. To put it simply, the two essentially contractual arrangements mentioned above are regarded as being independent of each other. In other words, the utility of a letters of credit is pragmatically solemnized by the severance of services and documents. It is this principle that is the legal ground on the basis of which banks agree to such transactions. Fraud Exception As already mentioned, a letter of credit is the legal and financial instrument, which extends to the beneficiary the security of getting the payment due to one. Yet, this bolstering of security to the beneficiary in a way dilutes the security against risk or loss to the account party. Thus, in the letters of credit, the balance of risk is tilted more in favour of the seller. Though the autonomy principle practically assures the expected commercial results in business transactions, this principle stands to be defective and inequitable when the underlying transaction is vi tiated by a fraud. Under such circumstances, the autonomy principle gets limited by the fraud exception. The US Approach In the United States, in Maurice O’Meara Co v National Park Bank, the court of law simply denied the possibility of invoking a fraud exception. The New York Court of Appeal ruled that that the primary concern of the bank should be pertaining to the veracity of the drafts and the accompanying documents, and not the associate transaction of goods. Also in New York Life Insurance Co v Hartford National Bank and Trust Co, the court ruled that the inquiry of a fraud by a bank needs to be limited to the establishment of the compliance of the documents with the letter of credit. Hence, the Uniform Commercial Code in the US allows the fraud exception only in case of a fraud in the complying documents. Besides as per Article 5-109(a) of the Uniform Commercial Code, even if a seller has committed a fraud in the complying documents, the bank is still required to honou r a letter of credit in a situation where the claim for payment has been transferred to a third party. The American approach actually safeguards the interests of the innocent third parties, by allowing for a waver of the fraud exception. The English Approach In the United Kingdom, in Harbottle v National Westminster Bank, the court stated that a buyer to avail any injunctive dishonour must establish an evident and clearly discernable case of fraud. This viewpoint laid the foundation

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride Essay

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride - Essay Example It is not expected for growth in the European sector to be experienced until 2010 or 2011, which will require Disneyland Europe to find innovative methods to draw higher crowd volumes and ensure profit success. Additionally, rising commodity prices which will be felt in 2009 will seriously erode the potential for profitability in this year, with the business forced to cut costs where necessary and appropriate. One publicity expert identifies that theme park industries are highly competitive and strategic success involves the volume of guests which pass through the entrance turnstile every day (Kohl, 2000: 48). Further, the author identifies that attendance is so widely important that many executive leaders have hourly tourist counts pumped into their mobile devices for the sake of tracking customer numbers (Kohl). This is especially true at Disneyland Europe which relies on customer volumes to generate annual profit. Getting higher sales volumes, however, in the midst of the current credit crunch requires understanding competitive behaviors whilst redesigning Disneyland Europe with a new, modernized logo to attract the contemporary consumer. Readjustments to marketing will be the proverbial saving grace for Disneyland Europe in the next five years. In 2009, Disneyland Europe must make a stronger effort to understand its customers. Since over 40 percent of all customers are French, repositioning the EuroDisney brand to focus on French lifestyle can ensure a higher revenue stream during the current economic crisis. This will be increasingly difficult beyond 2008 and will require research into existing consumer behaviors in French markets. Snyder (2002) offers that the French tend to link Disneyland Europe with American culture, giving them a negative perception of â€Å"cultural imperialism† in which the theme park is  attempting to force American lifestyle into a proud, French culture. Negative cultural perceptions must be eliminated whenever possible in the new marketing model.  

The effects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 on the accounting profession Research Paper

The effects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 on the accounting profession - Research Paper Example Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 was one such measure intended to set standards to guarantee the accuracy of financial reports published by organizations irrespective of big or small. This paper briefly explains the impacts of Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 on accounting profession. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 (SOX) mandates creation of an internal control structure, and assessment of its effectiveness. This control structure involves controls on internal financing reporting and auditing (Bergen, 2005). Many companies have reported that the introduction of SOX and the increased internal control structure was more expensive than anticipated. The external costs have been increased a lot for many companies because of SOX and this increase especially at in a period of recession was too difficult for the companies to handle. At the same time, most of the costs needed to strengthen the internal control were one-time expenses only and the corporate and the investor public would be beneficial from that in the long run. Section 409 of SOX mandates that a company must disclose to the public any information that is of material value that affects the organizations financial condition or operations. This section was a real challenge for the accounting professionals since most of the companies used Excel spreadsheets for keeping much of their financial data and linking these data in a timely manner with the financial reporting systems were too much difficult. The non compatibility of ordinary Excel spreadsheets with the other financial reporting systems forced the companies to change their accounting software to the much advanced and expensive software like SAP and Oracle or to incorporate new technologies such as off the shelf applications and spreadsheet templates with macros to convert data into a format that can be readily integrated into the organization’s financial reporting system (Jyoti, 2005). Earlier some of

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride Essay

The End of Euro Disneys as a White-knuckle Ride - Essay Example It is not expected for growth in the European sector to be experienced until 2010 or 2011, which will require Disneyland Europe to find innovative methods to draw higher crowd volumes and ensure profit success. Additionally, rising commodity prices which will be felt in 2009 will seriously erode the potential for profitability in this year, with the business forced to cut costs where necessary and appropriate. One publicity expert identifies that theme park industries are highly competitive and strategic success involves the volume of guests which pass through the entrance turnstile every day (Kohl, 2000: 48). Further, the author identifies that attendance is so widely important that many executive leaders have hourly tourist counts pumped into their mobile devices for the sake of tracking customer numbers (Kohl). This is especially true at Disneyland Europe which relies on customer volumes to generate annual profit. Getting higher sales volumes, however, in the midst of the current credit crunch requires understanding competitive behaviors whilst redesigning Disneyland Europe with a new, modernized logo to attract the contemporary consumer. Readjustments to marketing will be the proverbial saving grace for Disneyland Europe in the next five years. In 2009, Disneyland Europe must make a stronger effort to understand its customers. Since over 40 percent of all customers are French, repositioning the EuroDisney brand to focus on French lifestyle can ensure a higher revenue stream during the current economic crisis. This will be increasingly difficult beyond 2008 and will require research into existing consumer behaviors in French markets. Snyder (2002) offers that the French tend to link Disneyland Europe with American culture, giving them a negative perception of â€Å"cultural imperialism† in which the theme park is  attempting to force American lifestyle into a proud, French culture. Negative cultural perceptions must be eliminated whenever possible in the new marketing model.  

Creation vs. Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creation vs. Evolution - Essay Example His investigation techniques entailed interviewing adept scholars who possessed extensive knowledge on creationism and evolutionism. Strobel outlines his arguments in a systematic way, easy to critic, understand and draw valid conclusions. However, relying solely on the arguments presented in Lee Strobel’s literal pieces limits ones understanding of the creationism vs. evolutionism argument. Therefore, discussed in this paper is a review of the philosophical foundations for both arguments and their impact on people’s understanding of earth’s origin (Moore 203). Arguments for the existence of God surfaced in the era of philosophers who lived in a period where logic and reasoning proved crucial to understanding and explaining the occurrence or existence of different phenomena. Majority of these philosophers’ beliefs, values and moral principles had their basis in religion, which revolved around the premise of the existence of an all-powerful, good God. An ov erview of the pre-historic philosophers indicates that each group believed in a superior element that had control over the functioning of all other elements. It is presumable that their choice of superior elements such as fire, water, and air functioned as a symbolic reference to a supreme deity that controlled the functioning of other aspects such as sustaining life on earth. Through dogmatic indoctrination, individuals’ beliefs and knowledge concerning their origin and that of the earth centered on God. Moreover, Science was still a relatively new discipline characterized with continuously surfacing schools of thought that advanced different theories in their attempt to explain existing phenomena. As a result, both philosophers and the individuals who relied on their teachings found themselves embracing the creation account detailed in the Bible as an explanation to earth’s and other organism’s origin. Genesis provides a chronological order of the worldâ€℠¢s creation by an all-powerful, omniscient being (God). The zeitgeist of the philosophers’ era played a significant role in predisposing individuals to believe in creationism (Ross 166). The previously held presumptions soon changed with the advancement of Charles Darwin’s evolution theory. Darwin asserted that evolution guided the transformation of systems from simple forms to complex forms by undergoing mechanistic processes such as natural selection and mutation (Bowden 115). According to Darwin, the microevolution changes that occur to form complex structures are random and are not pre-designed by a supernatural force. Darwin asserted that these changes result from the innate need to survive, which causes organisms to adapt to their changing environment or risk facing imminent death that might result in the species extinction. Darwin’s evolution theory gained acceptance among many during the scientific era where people resorted to using empirical methods to test hypothesized theories. It is important to note that the scientific era sort to discredit religious explanations with regard to various phenomena (Bowden 116). The scientific era saw people critiquing issues using similar subject matter; for example, the principle of non-contradiction was used to refute the existence of God. The non-contradiction principle states that a statement cannot be true and false at the same time. In relation to the existence of

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Example for Free

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Support the provision of environment and how my work environment is organised to promote the development of children The physical and emotional environment we create for children at Wattville primary school has a huge impact on their development. The environment is stimulating and attractive as children learn though their senses they need the environment to be interesting and visually attractive. There are also different types of activities and play opportunities; the layout of the classroom is well planned and organised and there is a variety of equipment which meets individual needs. Outside the classroom, along the corridor there are pegs for the children to hang up their coats, hats and scarves, these are personalised with each child’s name helping to promote children’s intellectual development as they learn to recognise their name and location of their peg. Inside the classroom, near the door there is a table with trays on it for children to put their water bottles in, this allows children to gain easy access to a source of drinking water throughout the day as they need to stay hydrated in order to concentrate and take part in activities. The book corner is situated on the left hand side as soon as you enter the classroom, away from other activities to minimise disruption to children who want to use the area. There is a desk and chairs for children who wish to sit and read there and this area is also used for one to one reading sessions. There is also a soft seating area with pillows and cuddly toys so that children can relax while enjoying their book. There are a variety of books for the children of all abilities and cultures to enjoy. The book corner helps to promote children’s language development and fine motor skills development. It also supports their social and emotional development as they sit with friends sharing stories and at times playing ‘being the teacher’ where they pretend to be the teacher reading the story to the children using facial expressions and changing the tone of their voice. At the maths area there are bright, colourful equipment set out including shape sorters and abacuses. This area supports children’s mathematical development as well as their language and fine motor skill development. The computer area consists of one computer and a printer, this develops children’s fine motor skills as they learn to move and click the mouse during different computer based activities. Children’s social and emotional skills are also encouraged as they learn to share and take turns. The writing area is set up with a variety of writing resources including; white boards, papers, pencils, felt tips etc. This area is set up to promote children’s communication, language and literacy as well as their creative development as they use their imaginations e. g. to create lists or write stories. The creative area is situated at the back of the class room where it is not carpeted so that any spillage can be cleaned up easily. There are a variety of resources which include; coloured paper/card, materials such as foam and foil, scissors, glue, paint etc. This area promotes children’s fine motor skill development and also supports their language development as they begin to ask questions and talk about things that they are creating. The sand and water play is also located at the back of the classroom on suitable flooring away from books, tables and chairs to minimise mess and ensure children’s safety. Water and sand play helps children’s fine motor skills and also supports social development as children play and interact with their friends and peers. The tables and chairs are set out in a way which allows children to move around the classroom with ease. There are a number of colourful and attractive displays containing the children’s work around the classroom. There is also a behaviour chart and reward charts displayed in the classroom, this helps children’s emotional development as they feel valued and it also encourages their confidence and self-esteem.

The Importance of Plot in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay

The Importance of Plot in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily In â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, by William Faulkner, plot plays an important role in how the story is played out. Faulkner does not use chronological order in this short story. Instead, he uses an order that has many twists and turns. It appears to have no relevance while being read, but in turn, plays an important role in how the story is interpreted by the reader. Why does Faulkner present the plot of this story in this manner? How does it affect the reader? What does the convoluted plot presentation do to this story? How might the story be different if the plot was presented in chronological order? These are a few questions that have come to my attention while reading this story. I would like to give my opinion on this backed by evidence from the story itself. First, why does Faulkner present the plot in the way that he does? There can be numerous answers to this question, but I have narrowed it down to one simple answer. He presented the story in this way in order to keep the reader guessing and to also provide some sort of suspense. By Faulkner telling the story in the way that he does, the reader has no way of knowing what might be coming up next in the story. The last thing that a reader wants to do is read a boring story that is easy to predict. Faulkner keeps the reader from knowing what might happen next by not placing the events in the actual order that they occurred. He goes back and forth throughout Miss Emily’s life. At the introduction and conclusion of the story, she is dead, while the body consists of the times when she was alive. The body of the story also jumps back and forth throughout Miss Emily’s life. Faulkner brilliantly divided the story into five key parts, all taking place at some key period in her life. These parts are prime examples of how Faulkner jumps back and forth throughout Emily’s lifetime. Part one begins with Emily’s funeral while part two begins â€Å"thirty years before†, â€Å"two years after her fathers death and a short time after her sweetheart†, Homer Barron. (93) Part three begins with her meeting Homer. This is interesting because the part before takes place after he dies. This also shows how Faulkner keeps one guessing with his unorthodox plot order. The next part talks of how Emily is planning to supposedly kill herself. It tells of how she buys the... ..., Homer’s arrival, the purchase of poison, Homer’s disappearance, the develop of the odor, the alderman’s visit, and the arrival of Emily’s relatives. There are no real interesting points when the story is told in this manner. On the other hand, the way that it is told with the remit of taxes being first, then, the Alderman’s visit, Emily’s father’s death, Homer’s disappearance, the develop of the odor, Homer’s arrival in town, the purchase of the poison, and the arrival of Emily’s relatives, makes it the great story that it is today. So, without a doubt, this story would be a lot worse off if it were told chronologically. These are a few reasons why Faulkner’s use of plot in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† makes it such a great story. Maybe this composition will help one better understand why he presented the plot the way that he did. How it affected the reader. What the convoluted presentation did to the story and how the story would be worse off if the story was told chronologically instead of how Faulkner presented it. Works Cited Faulkner, William. "A Rose for Emily." The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Shorter 5th ed. Ed. R.V.Cassill. New York: W.W. Norton & Comp., 1995. The Importance of Plot in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Essay The Importance of Plot in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily In â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, by William Faulkner, plot plays an important role in how the story is played out. Faulkner does not use chronological order in this short story. Instead, he uses an order that has many twists and turns. It appears to have no relevance while being read, but in turn, plays an important role in how the story is interpreted by the reader. Why does Faulkner present the plot of this story in this manner? How does it affect the reader? What does the convoluted plot presentation do to this story? How might the story be different if the plot was presented in chronological order? These are a few questions that have come to my attention while reading this story. I would like to give my opinion on this backed by evidence from the story itself. First, why does Faulkner present the plot in the way that he does? There can be numerous answers to this question, but I have narrowed it down to one simple answer. He presented the story in this way in order to keep the reader guessing and to also provide some sort of suspense. By Faulkner telling the story in the way that he does, the reader has no way of knowing what might be coming up next in the story. The last thing that a reader wants to do is read a boring story that is easy to predict. Faulkner keeps the reader from knowing what might happen next by not placing the events in the actual order that they occurred. He goes back and forth throughout Miss Emily’s life. At the introduction and conclusion of the story, she is dead, while the body consists of the times when she was alive. The body of the story also jumps back and forth throughout Miss Emily’s life. Faulkner brilliantly divided the story into five key parts, all taking place at some key period in her life. These parts are prime examples of how Faulkner jumps back and forth throughout Emily’s lifetime. Part one begins with Emily’s funeral while part two begins â€Å"thirty years before†, â€Å"two years after her fathers death and a short time after her sweetheart†, Homer Barron. (93) Part three begins with her meeting Homer. This is interesting because the part before takes place after he dies. This also shows how Faulkner keeps one guessing with his unorthodox plot order. The next part talks of how Emily is planning to supposedly kill herself. It tells of how she buys the... ..., Homer’s arrival, the purchase of poison, Homer’s disappearance, the develop of the odor, the alderman’s visit, and the arrival of Emily’s relatives. There are no real interesting points when the story is told in this manner. On the other hand, the way that it is told with the remit of taxes being first, then, the Alderman’s visit, Emily’s father’s death, Homer’s disappearance, the develop of the odor, Homer’s arrival in town, the purchase of the poison, and the arrival of Emily’s relatives, makes it the great story that it is today. So, without a doubt, this story would be a lot worse off if it were told chronologically. These are a few reasons why Faulkner’s use of plot in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† makes it such a great story. Maybe this composition will help one better understand why he presented the plot the way that he did. How it affected the reader. What the convoluted presentation did to the story and how the story would be worse off if the story was told chronologically instead of how Faulkner presented it. Works Cited Faulkner, William. "A Rose for Emily." The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Shorter 5th ed. Ed. R.V.Cassill. New York: W.W. Norton & Comp., 1995.

The Reason Behind the Flooding of Great Salt Lake Essay -- Terry Willi

The Reason Behind the Flooding of Great Salt Lake In Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams blames a natural disaster—the overflowing of the Great Salt Lake in Utah--for the destruction of the place she loved most in the world, the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. What Williams attempts to explain, however, is that this disaster wasn’t really â€Å"natural† at all. Refuge is critiqued by some for being over-dramatized, and Terry Tempest Williams is often criticized for blaming the world and others for the loss of the bird refuge. In fact, Williams is correct when she says that humans are responsible for the flooding of Salt Lake, which was caused by the construction of a railroad causeway that split Great Salt Lake into two bodies of water. The author is not a reckless finger-pointer, she is a realist. In describing the bird refuge before the flooding, Williams goes into great detail about the abundance of birds and vegetation that inhabited her paradise: â€Å"Avocets and black-necked stilts are knee deep in water alongside interstate 80. Flocks of California gulls stand on a disappearing beach†¦I inhale the salty air. It is like ocean, even the lake is steel-blue with whitecaps†(Williams 30). In a visit to the bird refuge with her grandmother, she describes the refuge as a place full of life, with countless birds among beautiful plants and wildlife. Indeed, the bird refuge was a sanctuary to her; there was something magical, she writes, about seeing the thousands of different birds in one place, a sight that kept her going back. The rise of Great Salt Lake engulfed the refuge, and as the flooding continued, the population of birds plummeted, Williams’ sanctuary turned into a graveyard filled with only memories of the birds she grew ... ...e the ones most affected by flooding, are also those where the poorest residents live. In 1987, three pumps were used to pump 800,000 acres of water into the West Pond of Salt Lake in an attempt to even out the water levels on the two sides of the lake. This effort to fix the lakes’ problems, which cost $60 million, became known as the West Desert Pumping Project. The project went on for more than two years, until 2.7 million acre-feet of water, containing 695 million tons of salt, were pumped out. (www.ugs.state.ut.us/online/PI-39/pi39pg08 ) These pumps were successful in balancing the lake’s water levels, and remain on standby in case of another disastrous rise. It remains to be seen, however, whether this corrective measure will restore Great Salt Lake’s wildlife—and particularly the birds that Terry Tempest Williams treasured—to their pre-causeway levels.

High school Violence Essay

Violence is clustered within a relatively small percentage of locations, with about 60 percent of the violence occurring in 4 percent of the schools. This is about four times higher than would be expected based on national rates of crime. High schools are grouped by the nature and level of crimes occurring in the school. Four patterns emerge from this grouping: 1) No Crime, 2) Isolated Crime, 3) Moderate Crime and 4) Violent Crime. High Schools in each group are described in terms if their student population characteristics, community characteristics, and school violence prevention efforts. The results indicate that the characteristics (size, location, socio-economic make-up) of high-violence schools differ markedly from the other schools. High schools with the highest levels of violence tended to be located in urban areas and have a high percentage of minority students, compares to high schools that reported no crime to the police. They also tended to be located in areas with high social disadvantage and residential mobility. It should be noted, however, that a relatively large minority of the schools in the Violent Crime group were located in rural areas (36%), so that image if school violence is being solely restricted to central cities is not accurate. Proportion of High Schools has High Rates of Violence Analysis of the P-SDSSV revealed that about one in five high schools reported any serious violent crime (e. g. , fights with weapons, robbery) during the 1996-1997 school years. While this statistic gives a global indication of the prevalence of these crimes, it is difficult to judge from these data whether certain schools are disproportionately more likely to have high levels of violence. As long as the rate of violence in schools is greater than zero, one would expect at least some schools to have some violence. There are important implications if violence is clustered within a small number of schools. There may be specific problems in these schools that lead to high levels of serious problem behavior. Issues that arise in these environments may not resemble those in schools with lower rates of crimes. Similarly, there may be unique remedies needed to solve these problems. The types of prevention programs and/or activities that are needed to reduce the violent behavior might have to be tailored to these particular environments. Data provided in Table 1 provides estimates that measure the extent that violence is clustered within certain schools. These data compare the observed and expected number of high schools that reported a specified number of crimes to the police. As this comparison reveals, if serious violent crime had been evenly distributed across all schools, one would expect that about 45 percent of schools (100%-55%=45%) would have reported having this type of crime. Instead, only about 20 percent (100%-80%=20%) of high schools included in the P-SDSSV reported this type of crime. In other words, less than half as many schools experienced serious violent crime as expected. About four times as many schools experienced five or more serious violent incidents as would be expected if crime were evenly distributed across all schools. Similar disparities appear for the other two types of crimes. For attacks without a weapon, approximately 55 percent of the schools reported at least one incident. This was considerably lower than the 88 percent that would have been expected if these incidents were evenly distributed across all schools. for property crime, 67 percent of the schools reported at least one crime, while around 90 percent would have been expected to report this type of crime it were evenly distributed across schools. Table 2 displays an alternative way of looking at the distribution of crime incidents reported to police. This comparison is limited to schools that reported at least one crime. About 60 percent of the violence reported on the P-SDSSV occurred within the small number of schools that reported at least five violent crimes, more than seven times higher than expected. Similarly, about 14 times more schools than expected reported 26 or more attacks without a weapon (43. 4% observed versus 2. 7% expected). And nearly 42 percent of schools reported 26 or more property crimes, almost 7 times as many as expected based on school size alone. As can be seen from the crime rates for each group, the Violent Crime group has relatively high rates of all types of crimes. It has the most violence, with the highest rates of serious violence and attacks without weapon. It also has high rates of property crime. The Moderate Crime group is distinguished by relatively high rates of attacks without a weapon and property crime rates. The Isolated Crime group has relatively low rates of all three types of crimes. It does have a slightly higher rate of serious violence than the Moderate Crime group. However, the rate for both of these groups is extremely low relative to the Violent Crime Group.

Globe Theatre Essay

We do not know much about Shakespeare’s life. He comes from the small provincial town Stratford that lies on the Avon. His father was a workman, and he was a member of the town council; and he was also the mayor of the town for three years. Shakespeare most likely went to Stratford Grammar School, which can still be seen in the town, however we do not know much about what he learned in school. In 1582, when he was 18 years old, he married Ann Hathaway who was 7-8 years older; she was the oldest daughter of a wealthy farmer. Their first child was born the year after, only six months after the wedding; later they also had twins. There are several explanations as to why Shakespeare traveled to London, but most explanations are anecdotes from recent times. Some researchers believe that he became a member of a theatrical company that was visiting Stratford. The first time we here about him again is in 1592, and at that time he is a well-known person in London. He is mostly known as an actor and as a playwright, but he was also the owner of The Globe Theatre. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: comedies, tragedies and historical dramas. His plays have something to fit everyone’s tastes; there are exciting plots, strong emotions, colors and comedy. Shakespeare’s themes are love, nature, power and the responsibilities that come with it. The central theme is humans and, especially after 1600, the bitterness towards the humans is most definitely felt. Around 1611 he returned to Stratford, possibly the same year as he wrote The Tempest, which can be read as his goodbye to the theater. He lived his last years in his home town, and died in 1616. He is buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity, and above his grave on the left side of the church, lies his epitaph.

The Qualities that Bullies Share

Bullies have always been a threat to every kid in school, in a neighborhood and even to grown-ups in the workplace. A great number of films, most especially teen flicks, have stereotyped bullies as the students who are largely built to physically abuse much smaller students, football jocks who are very popular that every girl adores them and nerds fear them, and attractive girls who are as popular as the jocks who would pick on not-so attractive girls. However, these are merely stereotypes which are used for cinematic drama but they pose a good reflection of real life bullies.Nonetheless, we cannot simply identify them by race, gender, age or the way they look yet they seem to share certain qualties which are common to bullies. These qualities may be seen in their physical looks, built, family background, and emotional stability. The Qualities that Bullies Share Bullying is defined as a â€Å"behaviour which consistently undemrines another's confidence, reducing feelings of self-wor th and self-esteem† (Field, 51). This definition of the term already gives away an image of a bully.A bully cannot regularly be determined by simply judging his or her physical built but rather the person's emotional and psychological stability. One of the few qualities that bullies have in common is their immaturity in handling responsibilities. They try to be destructively critical of others to justify their inability to handle the situation themselves. For example, in school, a bully student could blame all the faults on his or her laboratory partner once their experiment fails. The bully's inability to accept his or her failure shows how irresponsible and immature the person is.They try to cover up some personal vulnerabilities by picking and finding fault on others. They are always full of complaints without first analysing what their supposed role is. In relation to their immaturity and irresponsibility, another quality which can be present in a bully's personality are t heir insecurities in life. They always seem to have a vision that they are above others. They can be considered to be self-absorbed at some point as they would always target people who they think they can manipulate. They try to degrade other people's self-esteem thinking that they could boost theirs.â€Å"He also injects his own insecurity which is then transferred to the victim† (Field, 52). They try to exhaust their insecurities to their victims to avoid having to face their emotional misery on their own. This behaviour in bullies shows how undeveloped their emotional stability is. They cannot handle emotionally-degrading situations so they they try to deal with it by turning them over to their victims. Their immaturity and insecurities are eating up what could have been an oppurtunity for their characters and skills to develop. ConclusionBullies do not have a particular face or look that one can easily pinpoint. They can be anyone in your surroundings who can produce a lo t of destructive criticisms in a snap of a finger. They may not even be aware that they are committing an act of bullying. A bully is not always the fat guy in school or the handsome jocks portrayed on film. They are people who have problems trying deal with their incapacities by degrading others. Work Cited Field, Tim. Bully in sight: how to predict, resist, challenge and combat workplace bullying : overcoming the silence and denial by which abuse thrives. United Kingdom: Success

Water Rocket Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Water Rocket Design - Research Paper Example The typical construction of a water rocket consists of household materials such as discarded plastic bottles, water, duct tape etc. Typical water rockets are constructed out of plastic bottles. The plastic bottles may be used individually or in combination after cutting out their bases and joining them together. Water is filled inside the plastic bottle rocket body but some space is left empty. The plastic bottle filled with water and partially empty is then turned upside down and sealed. This aids preserving the water inside. Compressed air or other gas injected into the water filled plastic bottle pressurizes the water inside. Typical sources of compressed air include bicycle pumps or portable air compressors. Similarly, other gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen may be used using compressed gas cylinders. However, using nitrogen may be dangerous given the high compression ratios used to store nitrogen. The compressed gas tends to provide the means to store potential energy ins ide the rocket body. The stored potential energy is releasable from the rocket when desired. The mass fraction of the water rocket increases with the use of water. This allows the provision of greater impulse when compressed air and water escape from the water rocket body. In addition to water, other additives are also used to increase the mass fraction of water rockets. ... This paper will look into the construction of water rockets to teach students mathematical principles while looking into learning styles, safety and other pedagogical considerations. Water Rocket Design Principles Water rockets are a direct application of Newton’s third law of motion describing action and reaction. The release of compressed gas and water allows the rocket to lift itself skywards for considerable distances. The exact physics behind water rockets depends in large part on the stored energy inside the rocket and the air drag encountered by the moving rocket. However, a lack of standardized construction techniques means that a number of different physics models are used to delineate how water rockets operate. The final outputs from a water rocket include the total height achieved as well as the total duration of flight. These outputs depend on a number of different inputs including the pressure of compressed gas, the volume of water used, the nozzle configuration a nd the weight of the water rocket body. The relationship between these inputs and outputs are expressible in a variety of different ways. Various models are available to delineate the relationship between these inputs and outputs. However, none of the available models guarantees a high degree of accuracy so these models can be best used as approximations. Mathematical Relationships In order to simplify the relationship between the inputs and outputs for a water rocket, students were presented with a simple water rocket mathematical model. The physics behind water rockets requires exploration of advanced concepts such as (Gommes, 2010): incompressibility of water; compressibility of

Trading & Dealing in Security Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trading & Dealing in Security Markets - Essay Example Investigations showed that the crash occurred due to a single mutual firm fund that sold a large number of contracts worth 4.1 billion USD and this triggered a reaction from HFT machines that quickly dumped their positions thus pulling the Dow index down. The HFT machines then quickly bought stock at the lower prices and this made the stocks rise then dumped the stock and this ‘hot potato’ trading continued until equilibrium was brought in. All this happened in a few minutes due to the fragile and interconnected nature of the market (SEC, 30 September 2010). There are fears that since algorithms used in the software decision making are hidden, it is difficult to asses if HFT amplifies or dampens the market equilibrium prices. HFT also encourages Flash Trading where certain traders can see incoming buy or sell orders for securities about 30 milliseconds before others do. This lead called 'front running' allows HFT traders to execute their trading strategy ahead of others (NYT, 8 October 2012). HFT traders also have the advantage that they can turn their machines off when the risks and trends are against them and thus they can cut their losses. Overall, trading is thus reduced to a war of technology and speed of connectivity and the financial software and hardware market was worth 25.4 billion USD in 2011. Terms such as scalping, shorting have become common and HFT run transactions in less than 10 milliseconds (Gsell, 2009). 2.2. Advantages of HFT HFT brings equality in the market and a small trader with a single terminal running powerful HFT software can overcome billion dollar traders. HFT is also credited with bringing liquidity in the market, reducing risk of frauds perpetrated by large... The author of the essay "Trading and Dealing in Security Markets" begins with that High Frequency Trading – HFT makes use of powerful computers that automate the trading process and where trading software takes the decisions to buy, sell or hold stock. The practice is also called as Algorithmic trading, Algo trading, automated trading or black box trading. Since the commands are executed by software systems, positions on various stocks are held for durations that vary from a few seconds to a few minutes. HFT has been blamed for ‘flash’ price variations where the prices changes very rapidly for no apparent reason. With high profits almost assured and reduction of losses to a minimum, many traders have started using HFT. In a way, HFT represents the inevitable move to high technology. Like many other areas of business processes such as procurement, automatic ordering in supply change management, ERP systems, humans are removed from decision-making and power is veste d in machines. At the end of the essay the author concludes that since HFT yields high profits, many more firms will take up this practice. HFT certainly has some ill effects on the stock movement and these needs to be constrained and regulated. The regulations must not place HFT under disadvantage and new technology must not be punished. The author also gives his recommendations. Thus, traders should not be allowed to switch off their machines when stocks are falling. This will ensure HFTs remain operational even when they stand to make a loss, just as any day trader.

Natural gas & Geothermal energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural gas & Geothermal energy - Essay Example Such energy is recovered as the natural gas. However, natural gas represents nonrenewable energy source because of the inability to replenish such energy. Geothermal energy depicts the heat, which is obtained from the earth. Such heat generates a sustainable and clean energy. The resources of geothermal energy vary from deep hot rock in the ground to shallow hot water. These resources contribute in generation of energy, which does not contribute in emission of greenhouse gases. Further, geothermal energy has few chemical pollutants, minimal waste and it is renewable. Rankine cycle depicts a model, which is used in the process of predicting steam turbine systems performance. The system, which is a thermodynamic cycle, changes heat into mechanical work (Stanley, 2010). The supply of the heat is on the external closed loop whereby the working fluid is water. As such, the Rankine Cycle is a form of the steam engine, which has the potential of generating

The Judiciary Committee of the Virginia State Bar Association Essay

The Judiciary Committee of the Virginia State Bar Association - Essay Example The membership of the Virginia State Bar is restricted to five categories that are active members, associate members, disabled and retired members, judicial members, and the emeritus members. Each group of members has defined roles and responsibilities that are aimed at ensuring the Bar’s responsibility to the state is achieved in the most integrated way possible. Members also belong to different committees with the Judicial Candidate Evaluation Committee being responsible for the consideration and search of appropriate nominees to fill any judicial vacancies. The constitution of the committee is thirteen active members. These members are carefully selected to ensure that each of the ten existing disciplinary districts in Virginia is represented, while the other three are from the state. Each member’s election restricts them to remain in office for only three year terms after which they are no longer eligible candidates. In addition, the election of the committee members is by the Council upon the recommendation of the nominating committee.